Cervical Cancer Screening and the HPV Vaccine

Why it matters

Cervical cancer is caused mainly by long-lasting infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). It develops slowly, so screening can find early changes years before cancer forms.

Screening

• A Pap smear or HPV test takes a few minutes in the clinic
• How often you need it depends on your age and past results; your doctor will advise
• If a test is abnormal, a colposcopy gives a magnified view of the cervix

The HPV vaccine

The vaccine works best when given before any exposure to HPV, so it is usually recommended in early adolescence. Older girls and young women can still benefit; ask your doctor whether it is suitable for you.

See a doctor if you notice

• Bleeding after intercourse or between periods
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Any bleeding after menopause